X-ray emission from cosmic sources indicates that these sources are heated to temperatures exceeding a million degrees. These observations greatly impacted our understanding of the physics governing the evolution of structures across the universe.
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Understanding the nature of the main constituents of the universe is crucial to obtain a precise description of the way in which it reached its present state.

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In this article, we summarise several of the most well-known astrophysical scenarios, and offer a brief description of what we currently know about them.
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We see the sky and admire its regularity and stability, its apparent immutability. We have always done so; it does not come as a surprise, since humans have always been startled by any change in the sky, associating it with omens or the mood swings of gods. At that time, they might call these changes «new stars», even if they were, for example, a supernova explosion, as in the case of Tycho’s supernova in the sixteenth century.
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ABSTRACT Unlike the case of Galileo, the Catholic Church has managed evolutionism and Charles Darwin’s work with discretion. Among Catholic scientists, some defend a variety of evolutionism which is peppered with

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ABSTRACT At the beginning of the atomic age, Francoist Spain launched an expensive project to develop, research and use nuclear energy. Scientists, the military and high-ranking officials in the administration

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ABSTRACT Science is not «above» politics and ethics: it is intrinsically political, and constantly raises ethical dilemmas. The consequences of evading such issues were made particularly clear in the actions

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Charles Darwin did not adopt any obvious ideology, except perhaps that of anti-slavery. However, his published work, and that of other evolutionists, led to the emergence of social Darwinism.
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ABSTRACT Agreeing that there are often strong connections between fields of science and the ideological convictions of those producing the science, this essay shows that the connections are often complex and

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Interference

Knowledge without conscience is but the ruin of the soul», François Rabelais wrote. With this famous sentence, the French writer warned about the danger of letting ourselves be carried away

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Rudolf Nieuwenhuys

Rudolf Nieuwenhuys is a worldwide eminence in the field of Neuroanatomy. He has a formal education as a medical doctor, but his view is not at all anthropocentric and he

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Review of the latest contributions to embodied cognition theories that provide a new approach to human cognition.
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The specializations in human brain anatomy that are responsible for our unique behavioral and cognitive traits evolved over a very short period of evolutionary time.
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Comparing the role FOXP2 plays in humans and other animals is starting to reveal common principles that may have provided building blocks for language evolution.
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The brain of modern humans is the result of the evolution of a building plan (Bauplan) that began its design 500 hundred millions years ago. This evolutionary scenario provides the basis for studies that seek to understand what is «conserved» and what is «new» between different vertebrates.

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Evo-devo biology involves cross-species comparisons of entire developmental trajectories, not just of adult forms. This approach has proven very successful in general morphology, but its application to neurobiological problems is still relatively new.
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Understanding the brain is one of the greatest scientific challenges, and a fundamental aspiration of human beings. Why is this organ, made of a little over a kilogram of fatty

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health communication

Conventionally, social researchers analyse media messages by reading text and coding it. This is time consuming and restricts many studies to small samples. Nowadays very large amounts of text are

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Intagram, health and social media

Communication is key in the field of health. Including communication tools such as Instagram in youth health fieldwork poses a number of challenges, but also has the potential for social health research.
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tobacco and health

The present article reviews the role of the media in the dissemination of tobacco-related information and the evolution in tobacco control policies that the approach has caused.
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vaccine influenza A - health crises

Reviewing public communications emitted during health crises in the last thirty years is useful for verifying that there are a number of repeated mistakes: for example, untrained spokespeople with poor

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rare diseases

Rare diseases (RDs) are those that affect fewer than five people in every 10,000. There are around 7,000 RDs, they are difficult to diagnose and very few have a treatment.

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Drugs health - hyper-medicalised societies

We are becoming more vulnerable. The feeling of general uncertainty comes from the fact that we live through several crises at the same time. In a world dominated by consumerism

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The Preamble of the Constitution of the World Health Organization reminds us that «Informed opinion and active cooperation on the part of the public are of the utmost importance in

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