The Swedish Academy has awarded Roger Penrose, Reinhard Genzel, and Andrea Ghez the Nobel Prize in Physics. What is behind this shared award? When did the debate on black holes start? An analysis by Manel Perucho.

In this article, we summarise several of the most well-known astrophysical scenarios, and offer a brief description of what we currently know about them.

From the seventeenth century on, problems in physics became the object of careful study. The expeditions were made to acquire otherwise unobtainable data, needed to study specific problems in physics.