Researcher in the Microbiology Service of the Ramon y Cajal University Hospital (IRYCIS) in Madrid (Spain) and member of the Epidemiology and Public Health Networking Biomedical Research Centre (CIBERESP). He directs the PBE lab research group which studies the role of plasmids in general bacterial evolution and in the evolution of antibiotic resistance in particular (www.pbelab.es). His work covers everything from the most basic aspects of the evolutionary biology and population genetics of plasmid-bacterium associations to their clinical applications. Mail: [email protected]